Sexism In The Chinese Languages Cultural Studies Essay

Sexism In The Chinese Languages Cultural Studies Essay Language as a sociocultural phenomenon (Arndt et al, 1987) is closely associated with the social structure, values and norms of behavior. It arises with the formation of human society and varies with the development of social life. Such co-variation between language and society enables the linguistic phenomena to reflect the social customs and values of life. Gender differences and sexism in language reflect each specific social values, concepts and national modes of thinking. China has gone through a long history of feudal society in which women did not enjoy any prestige of social status. Sexism has pervasively existed in the Chinese languages and society and has reflected both in written and oral language. In the general linguistic literature, hundreds of popular and academic studies on language and gender have been conducted since the early 1970s in the United States, prompted by the womens movement. For the Chinese language and its dialects, during that period and into the 1980s, scant attention was paid to gender-differentiated speech aside from language variation research, in which sex is an important independent variable. Owing to the scarcity of adequate empirical research and on the pavement of prior literatures and studies on gender discrimination in Chinese culture and society, the article attempts to conduct a comprehensive study on the Chinese language by analyzing the Chinese word structures, lexicon and sociocultural contexts. Background Western linguists have been studying various aspects of sexism in the English language for several decades. Following the influential works by Robin Lakoff (1975), and Miller Swift (1977), and some others, many of the researchers began to identify and categorize types of sexism marked in linguistic features such as vocabulary, grammar, discourse, and even intonation (Baron, 1986). Recently scholars have turned their attention to sexism in Mandarin Chinese as well, finding remarkably similar sexism phenomena in linguistic aspects on Chinese words, vocabulary, idioms, and proverbs. (Shih, 1984). The most notable treatment of sexism in the Chinese language is that of Yan (2003) and Pan (2004), whose works have greatly influenced the direction of this article. Since the mid-70s, Chinese sociolinguists have presented this topic from several different perspectives. Current studies in this field have shifted its focus from single linguistic variables to context-specific connected speech, d rawing on approaches from discourse analysis and the ethnography of communication. Recent work also tends to be based more on empirical research rather than on casual observation or introspection. However, the studies of sex differences and language have been carried out in English-speaking societies. Relevant research on the Chinese language is still in its infancy. Moreover, very little has been done from the new perspectives on language and gender concerning the Chinese language. Sexism in Chinese character structures Chinese is one of the worlds longest-standing languages, whose characters are the important carriers of its culture that is the base on which Chinese words are shaped. Chinese is the worlds only existing language, which is characterized by ideography and which represents connotation by pictography. The Chinese pictographic words contain and convey plentiful cultural messages. One of the six categories of Chinese character formation is pictographs which display the meaning through directly depicting the appearance. Right from the early period of the word formation, the word à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³ (woman) in Chinese ancient oracle script (à §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ²Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ªÃ‚ ¨Ãƒ ¦-†¡ jiaguwen) emerged the low social status for women in ancient China. The hieroglyphic character shaped reflecting a kneeling woman with her hands crossed. When two points (breasts) are added, it becomes à ¦Ã‚ ¯Ã‚  (mother). Oracle Bone Script is one of the oldest known forms of Chinese written language. According to rece nt archaeological research, it dates back as far as 4,800 years ago. It was likely used from the Middle to the Late Shang dynasty. Oracle script was etched onto turtle shells and animals bones. The shape of these characters are often described as pictographic, in that they resemble stylized drawings of objects they represent. Such pictographic words illustrate that the females were in dominated position. The ancient pronunciation of the word à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³ (woman) was read à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ´ /nà º/ meaning slave, (connoting a woman à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³ with a big handà ¥Ã‚ Ã‹â€ ). In Chinese slavery society, daughters were used for debt mortgage. Afterwards, a great quantity of Chinese ideographic words combined with à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³ as feminine morpheme are formed mostly of discrimination. From the onset of Chinese character formation, it is obviously seen that the women in Chinese society were in low position. According to Modern Chinese Dictionary ( Wang et al, 1995), besides the single word à ¥  ¥Ã‚ ³ (woman), there are 202 words consisting of à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³ (woman) morpheme as the word root. Based on the statistics of some Chinese scholars, words with the woman morpheme are found in à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¾Ã… ¾Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ci Hai (literally translated Sea of Rhetoric, published in Hongkong, 1989) with a total of 257 words, in which 100 characters are of medium evaluation in realty, 35 of derogatory, 47 of praise and 18 of half-and-half praise or derogatory evaluation. Lets see some examples of this type à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³component which are detrimental to women : à ¥Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ /dà ¹/ (jealous)- woman à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³ + householdà ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ·/hà ¹/; à ¥Ã‚ «Ã¢â‚¬ ° /jà ¬/ (envy) womanà ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³+ diseaseà §- ¾ /jà ­/; à ¥Ã‚ ¦- /yao/ (demon) womanà ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³ + die young à ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ­ /yao/ ); à ¥Ã‚ ¨Ã‚ ¼ /chang/ (prostitute) womanà ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³+ flourishing à ¦Ã‹Å"Å’Â ¼Ã¢â‚¬ º à ¥Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" /zhi/ (prostitute) womanà ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³+à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¯ bra nch store); and à ¥Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ² /niÇÅ ½o/ (flirt) (man + woman + man); à ¥Ã‚ «- /bià  o/ (act of visiting prostitutes); à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ¸ /jian/ (wicked or evil); à ¥Ã‹Å" / ping/ (have illicit relations or sexual intercourse with); à ¥Ã‚ «Ã…’ /xià ¡n/ (suspicion); à ¥Ã‚ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ º /yà º/ (give pleasure ) and so forth. In addition of the word structure with the left-side morpheme of woman mentioned, Chinese people, in cognition of up-down spatial system, have a tendency of superior-and inferior concepts and discrimination. The loss of female identity consciousness is superficial cause that emerges come into gender discrimination of Chinese character structures. For examples, à ¥Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¾ /qià ¨/ (concubine)- consisting of set up à §Ã‚ «Ã¢â‚¬ ¹/là ¬/ and womanà ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³; à ¥Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ (absurd, arrogant); à ¥Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¥ / tuÇ’/ (proper, suitable)à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ » /qi/ (wife); à ¥Ã‚ ©Ã‚ ª /jà ¬n/ (greed); à ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  /suÇ’/ (weak, play); à ¥Ã‚ ¬- /pi/ (show favour to); à ¥Ã‚ ¦ /jian/ (rape) and much more. Those are made of a à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³ (woman) morpheme and another component word. Such kind of words in the up-down structure occupy 3% of the total words with woman (Ci Haià £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¾Ã… ¾Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹, 1989). Chinese people ancest ors might have thought of peacefulness by positing women in a deep room under the roof ( à ¥Ã‚ ®Ã¢â‚¬ ° /an/). Such structure of à ¥Ã‚ ®Ã¢â‚¬ ° (peacefulness) further reflects obviously the male-dominance ideology in Chinese languages and society. If those words are dissembled ¼Ã…’they can be interpreted as womens common failing ¼Ã…’a gender-based failing to the exclusion of men ¼Ã… ½Those Chinese characters seem to pass on the message that women are characteristic of those negative emotions ¼Ã…’disposition ¼Ã…’and maneuver ¼Ã… ½ Sexism in the Lexicon and socio-cultural contexts Another biased representation of the sexes that concerns the portrayal of man as the norm and women as the appendage can be seen in Chinese lexicon. The article tends to focus on the manifestation of sexism from the angles of generic masculine, naming and addressing terms. The Chinese lexicon has many depreciative terms of address, a lot of which are directed at women. For example, a man can call his wife à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ º /nà ¨irà ©n/ (a person inside the home), means a woman can only stay at home without freedom of movement or engaging in political and social activities. Another termà ¨Ã‚ ³Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ /jià  n nà ¨i/ illustrates the lower status of a woman as humble and lowly person inside home. à ¨Ã‚ Ã…  Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ µ/jingchai/ (thorn hairpin), meaning a woman who is very poor as she uses a thorn as her hairpin. à ¨Ã‚ ²Ã… ¾Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ½Ã¢â‚¬  /zhenjià ©/ (chastity and virginity), these are specially prepared for women. Chinese lexicon has à ¨Ã‚ ²Ã… ¾Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ©Ã‚ ¦ / zhenfà ¹/ (chastity woman) and à §Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ©Ã‚ ¦ /jià ©fu/ (widow) but it has no à ¨Ã‚ ²Ã… ¾Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ · /zhennà  n/ (chastity man) and à §Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ · /jià ©nà ¡n/ (widower). This illustrates that in terms of sexual relationships, the chains are only obligatory to women. A man can remarry after his wifes death, and his newly-married wife is then called à ¦Ã‚ ·Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ¿/tianfà ¡ng/ ( added room) or à §Ã‚ ºÃ…’à §Ã‚ µÃ†â€™/xà ¹xià ¡n/ ( continued string, meaning a woman who marries a widower). But there are no corresponding female-centered characters in Chinese in this regard; as a result. Chinese traditional principle of no posterity as the greatest of the three unfilial acts firmly legalizes the male dominance. The male-dominant trend of modern Chinese characterized by polysyllabic words are only aimed at or centered on men. The generic words like à ¦Ã‚ ³Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‹Å"/fÇÅ ½guan/ (judge), à ¥Ã‚ ·Ã… ¾Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚ ·/zhouzhÇÅ ½ng/ (governor), à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ²Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¶/zhà ¨ngzhi jia /(politician), à ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚ ·/xià  ozhÇÅ ½ng/ (principal), à ©Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚ · /bà ¹zhÇÅ ½ng/ (minister), à ¥Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ »Ã‚ /jiangjun/ (general), and à §Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ½Ãƒ §Ã‚ µÃ‚ ±/zÇ’ngtÇ’ng/ (president) are specially denoted and referred to male. When referred to female, the morpheme à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³ (female) /nà ¼/ is added to the existing as a prefix, such as à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ©Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚ · / nà ¼ bà ¹zhăng/ (ministress) à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ½Ãƒ §Ã‚ µÃ‚ ± / nà ¼ zÇ’ngtÇ’ng/(female president ) and so forth. The sexism in Chinese can be reflected on the order of word combination in volving sex. In collocation, many polysyllabic words denoting male are placed before those denoting female. For example, à §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³/nà ¡nnà ¼/ (man and woman or boy and girl), à ¥Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ «Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ » fuqi/ (husband and wife), à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³ /à ©rnà ¼/(sons and daughters). This mentality of regarding men as taking precedence over women exists not only in Chinese culture but also in Western culture. In Chinese lexicon, there is an imputation of sexual immorality to referents of the womans term, but with the mans term carrying very general ¼Ã…’usually favorable implication ¼Ã… ½Another astounding fact is that there are far and away more words for prostitutes than for their customers ¼Ã… ½In Chinese, many terms refer to a prostitute ¼Ã…’such as examples above ¼Ã…’but theres the only most frequently used for a man as à ¥Ã‚ «-/bià  o/ ¼Ã…’still with Chinese compound character à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³(woman) ¼Ã… ½ Like English, in Chinese, masculine pronouns are mostly used as a general reference. For example, à ¤Ã‚ »- /ta/ (he) referred to both generic gender. Similar cases include à ¤Ã‚ »-à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ º /tarà ©n/ (others), à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »-à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ º /qà ­ ta rà ©n/ (the rest). In speech, women like to express themselves as à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¶ /rà ©n jia/ (another person) instead of using I due to social expectation that women are said to be indirect and invisible. Sexism in Chinese sociocultural contexts can be observed in Chinese slang and idioms which also reflect the social ideology of less-dominance upon women. For example, Chinese has expressions à §Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ·Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¥ / nà ¡n bà ¹ gen nà ¼ dà ²u/ ( man will not argue with a woman) or à ©Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ… ¾Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ·Ã… ¸Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ ¹-à ©Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¥ / ji bà ¹ gen gÇ’u dà ²u/ (chicken will not fight with a dog), à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å" ¯Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ · /nà ¼ zÇ  wà º cà ¡i bià  n shà ¬ dà ©/ ( a woman of ignorance is a virtue, or an unaccomplished woman is a virtuous woman), à ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¦Ã‹Å" ¯Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ °Ã‚ ´ /nà ¼ rà ©n shà ¬ hà ¹o shdži/ A woman is a disaster-maker), and à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ² /san gà ¨ nà ¼ rà ©n yi tà ¡i xà ¬/ (Three women can stage a performance, equally English, many women, many word ). A common theme here is that women are liable to gossip ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ºthey are talkative ¼Ã…’and noisy. They are stereotyped as gossip- laden, tentative, discursive and fussy which again echoes how important language is to the social construction of gendered identity ¼Ã… ½ Conclusion Since human being existed on the earth, there have been presented two different genders-male and female. On account of the differences between their physiological features and the superiority and inferiority in social activities, men and women are differentiated from each other in individuality, value, image and status, which give rise to variations in their language styles and language uses. From these linguistic evidences of sex discrimination existing in the Chinese language and male-governed society, a woman was always in the less-dominant position. Sexism phenomena present in the formation of the language, but it originates from its sociolinguistics and socio-culture. The differences refracted from the linguistic aspects and sexism are not determined by natural property of the language itself, but are naturally refracted in the language by specific concepts of social values and national modes of thinking. Many attempts nowadays are made to eliminate as much as possible the gende r discrimination both in the cultural-linguistics and social identity. References 1. Carfleron Deborah. 1990. The feminist critique of Language. (2001) 2. Ci Hai (à ¨Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·,à ©Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¯), 1989. Rhetoric Dictionary, Hongkong. 3. Defeng, Yang. Chinese and Cultural Communication. Beijing: 2001. 4. Freeman ¼Ã…’R. and McElhinny ¼Ã…’B.Language and Gender. InMckay, L.S. Hornberger, H. N. (2001). Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching. Shanghai. 5. Modern Chinese Dictionary, 2001. Xiandai Hanyu Cidian, à §Ã… ½Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ±Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¸, à ¥Ã…’-à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¬Ãƒ ¦- °Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã… ½Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ º-à ¦Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ º-à ¥Ã…’-à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¨Ã‚ ¡Ã…’à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â€š ¬,Xinhua Book Store, Beijing, 2001. 4. Sunderland, Jane. 2006. Language and Gender. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. 5. Zhang, Aiping (à ¥Ã‚ ¼Ã‚  Ãƒ §Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ©Ã… ¸Ã‚ ³). 1995. Another look at the sajiao ¼Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° phenomenon. Manuscript, Ohio State University. Appendix 1 Some Oracle Bone Scripts found related to woman. ( pictographic words were found at http://www.shufa.org à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¸Ãƒ ¨- Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¶Ã‚ ²-à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¤Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ «-à ¥Ã‚ £Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ (translated and arranged by Lam)

Formal Letter in the Public services Essay

This is a formal letter used to send information out to external parties. This specific letter is used to engage students in an exciting opportunity and potential career option. Letters are used by all in the public services and this letter that I have has been given is used by someone in the armed forces as they need to tell the headteachers about an excellent challenge for their students. Letters like this are used to inform someone about a meeting that will be happing at a certain time and day and where it will be at. In the RAF this would be a normal form of communication that they would use to inform one another of important dates coming up, but in the normal day an e-mail would suffice. Firstly on this letter the name of the Sergeant sending it is highlighted in bold this is so it will get the reader’s attention straight away and the reader will want to continue to read it, it will also show who they need to respond to in order to get the day out for their students and then underneath it states that it is from the RAF so this is letting the person know where the letter has come from and who they are, and then underneath this there is other information about where the letter will be sent off to and who will be getting the letter, this information will let the person that is delivering it know where it has to go to as it has the street name and the post code. Secondly they have information about the person that it has been sent to they use lines to split it up so that they page looks better and the information will be easier to read, Tony splits it up because he does not want the reader to think that there will be lots of information to read through which often puts readers off reading it as they think it is going to be too much, and too much effort. This also would get the readers to view the letter as the reader will think it is important and will want to know the information that he has written in on the letter. Thirdly the information they have put in the other side of the split up box is about if the person would like to write back to them, so if they need more information or just want to ask them something about what they have written in the letter they can contact them on the provided details and use the reference so Tony knows immediately what they are talking about. This information is also given because they will need to reply to say that they would.

Performance of Identity Essay Topics - the Conspiracy

Performance of Identity Essay Topics - the Conspiracy The Start of Performance of Identity Essay Topics Identity theft is a significant source of concern since quite a while now. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. The good thing is that there's a commit in Github that will resolve that matter. In the uPort approach, zero transactions are wanted in the majority of cases because most claims are private. It doesn't make a difference to us, whether you're too busy on the job concentrating on a passion undertaking, or simply tired of a seemingly infinite stream of assignments. Roles get even better when you combine various kinds of access across multiple applications so that individuals can request the majority of the access they require through a single function. After they have been created, you frequently need to modify and update them. There is an amazing quantity of innovation happening within the area of wallet contracts, which is the reason why we think that the precise interface and implementation of it shouldn't be defined as a member of an identity standard. When data is hashed, the inputs cannot be easily determined dependent on the output. In case the consumer is a wise contract, it ought to implement all the present schemes, but it could obviously not implement any future schemes. The very first example of blockchains disrupting a current vertical is currency. In addition, the culture is really liberal about sexual identities too. Afterwards, a little group of us used the signs for our very own opt-in intersectional variant of the activity. It usually means that hard-working is an incredibly important factor among Americans. A Secret Weapon for Performance of Identity Essay Topics The internet was constructed on a set of relatively simple standards that do just a single thing. If you receive bran d identity right you'll find it a lot simpler to grab customers. Choosing where to go to college is an amazingly important choice. Among the challenges with managing access through roles is that you're able to grant or remove a good deal of access to lots of people all at one time. Ruthless Performance of Identity Essay Topics Strategies Exploited Saving the private key is crucial. There are many different security threats on the web. For fintech companies Identity is about KYC. Moreover, that nothing ought to be on the dbo schema instead it ought to be in its own schema named Security. Absolutely free Belonging essay samples are offered on FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Still, every one of them would show up in the overall list. Individuals will be recognized by their public address that's calculated from a one of a kind private key that nobody else has. The categories are somewhat arbitrary in name, but they do include plenty of information. What You N eed to Know About Performance of Identity Essay Topics Likewise, a brand's voice should truly feel appropriate to its nature and remain constant with time. A digital presence usually means that part of who we are lives in the shape of digitalized details. When you consider identity, you consider the attributes which make someone the person they are. The identity is quite vital for the well being of somebody in their everyday life, on the job and despite their relaintionships. Although roles are a fantastic idea that could save yourself a lot of work with time, the tough part is building the roles in the very first spot. My mother gave me one of the greatest gifts I have ever received in my entire life. For him, it is a matter of life and death. The mind has become the most important influential portion of an individual to set up their identity thru time present or future. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. With FreeEssayHelp you'll find hundreds of Belonging essay topics in a matter of many seconds. To get started writing your assignment you would want to run into an interesting and promising topic. With our customized essay offer, you can be certain to get any kind of essay help you are searching for. Getting the Best Performance of Identity Essay Topics Exceptionalism and Nationalism The concept of exceptionalism has instilled in Americans mind through the history and consequently it has made them think they are distinctive and disti nctive individuals dwelling in a land of chances. The results of sexist behaviors remains the exact same. In practice, segregation of duties is quite hard to implement and enforce because you must have a good deal of information concerning the particular small business functions that entitlements make it possible for people to perform, in addition to an extensive business knowledge across systems of which actions shouldn't be combined. Rather than categorizing, listen to the people who live in the room and their demands.

The Antebellum Period And Jacksonian Democracy Essay

After the War of 1812, The United States entered a period of intense social, political and economic change. These changes would eventually deconstruct America into two factions that would go to war in 1861. The era before that, 1815-1850, has been given many names. The â€Å"antebellum period† and â€Å"Jacksonian democracy† are just two of the long list. However, I propose that we pull from one of the most important themes of this era: the ideology of republicanism. Republicanism defined the United States since its beginnings as a mere colony rebelling against monarchial tyranny. Therefore I suggest we name the textbook â€Å"republicanism: 1816-1850.† Within the contents of the â€Å"republicanism: 1816-1850† (I chose to use the dates because students these days appreciate minimalism and direct terms more than titles), there should be a focus on Industrialization, Social Ramifications of Industrialization, Westward Expansion, and Politics. 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Birth of the Whig Party Started by modernizers who saw President Andrew Jackson as a dangerous man on horseback with a reactionary opposition to the forces of social, economic and moral modernization; majority of founders supported Jeffersonian Democracy/ Democratic- RepublicanRead MoreWomen s Role During The Civil War Essay1953 Words   |  8 Pageswhat they believed and showing the world that women were competent, capable, and intelligent. This paper will explore how women’s role in society was transformed during the period leading up to the Civil War, providing a snapshot of the courageous people and events that shaped the futures of women in America. The period between 1750 and 1850 marked some significant changes to the roles of women in America. For one thing, the success of the family farm depended on both husband and wife working

Offshore Outsourcing Essay - 1693 Words

Abstract This paper will discuss offshore outsourcing and the effects it has on the American worker in a technology environment. We begin with the scope of the problem and how it has changed the economy for better and for worst. Various figures representing miscellaneous data about off shoring will be represented. The topics include the background and nature of offshore outsourcing, reasons for outsourcing, why trading promotes gain, current economic standing from outsourcing, and finally how outsourcing affects wages and employment. In the summary various solutions and ideas are given to propose a change to the industry in hopes that the American worker will be more prosperous from an economic standpoint.Introduction†¦show more content†¦highly dependent on other countries. If those countries decide to cut the cord, there will be no product creating a loss. Many new proposed laws for 2011 are in the workings to minimize these issues, with regards as to how the gov ernment would like to handle them. Outsourcing in the near future will be focused on smaller projects while using more suppliers. A reduction in large contracts is the goal for many, which in turn will leave more opportunity for entrepreneurs and even larger organizations. The benefit is, more options will be available and the contracts can be closely manipulated for the good of others. Offshore Outsourcing in Technology with Regards to the American WorkerDisposition of Offshore Outsourcing The United States is one of the largest powers in the world when it comes to offshore outsourcing. However, many economists wonder if it is actually beneficial or destructive to the American workforce. One of the more predominant reasons outsourcing has become popular is due to overall savings of costs. These cost savings have proven to raise overall productivity, and have allowed everyone from small business owners to corporate giants to advance into the next generation of technology. Some economists classify offshore outsourcing as international trade between countries leading to a large profit margin for both parties included. Gregory Mankiw is an American Macroeconomist thatShow MoreRelatedOutsourcing And Offshore Outsourcing : Outsourcing1038 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: Outsourcing and Offshore Outsourcing 1 Outsourcing and Offshore Outsourcing Natasha Bing Grantham University Outsourcing and Offshore Outsourcing 2 Abstract (Greaver, 1999) proclaims that outsourcing is of a strategic nature and that the decision-makingRead MoreEssay on Offshore Outsourcing1661 Words   |  7 PagesOffshore Outsourcing Currently, it has been reported that many of our jobs, as much as one out of every three private-sector jobs are being sent overseas. What is offshore outsourcing? Outsourcing occurs when a firm subcontracts a business function to an outside supplier. Outsourcing is mainly the result of companies who will always pursue the lowest-cost structure, which means less skilled work will move out of the U.S. to emerging economies. Many believes that this is aRead MoreOffshore Outsourcing: Good or Evil? Essay2179 Words   |  9 Pagesdevelopment that affects information technology as deeply as the growing offshoring movement deserves attention. It should be noted that offshoring is often treated as synonymous with outsourcing; however, these two methods of increasing a business’s productivity are not necessarily the same. Outsourcing occurs when a business pays another business or individual – sometimes called a vendor or subcontractor – to perform work that is important to the operation of the first business. For exampleRead MoreEssay Offshore Outsourcing2552 Words   |  11 PagesHISTORY OF OUTSOURCINGnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;4 HOW IS IT POSSIBLE?nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;6 WHY DO WE OUTSOURCEnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;10 WHO ARE WE OUTSOURCINGnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;12 THE FUTURE OF OFFSHORE OUTSOURCINGnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;13 CONCLUSIONnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;16 BIBLIOGRAPHYnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;17 Introduction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Offshore outsourcing is not a new practice in the United States. Offshore outsourcingRead MoreOffshore Outsourcing Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesOutsourcing is simply the farming-out of services to a third party. Offshore outsourcing is majorly used in IT related task for which internet plays a vital role along with work related to sales marketing, finance, human resource administration, etc. Quality and effective risk management are two integral parts of offshore outsourcing services. Offshore outsourcing allows businesses to reduce costs, gain staffing flexibility and increase revenue, gain competitive advantage, decrease cycle timeRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Offshore Outsourcing Essay1765 Words   |  8 Pages Advantages and Disadvantages of Offshore Outsourcing Kati Methvin University of North Alabama â€Æ' Advantages and Disadvantages of Offshore Outsourcing Today, offshore outsourcing is an attractive alternative to in-house or domestic production. The approach imports several advantages that appeal to companies, particularly multinationals, which explains the great traction that it has gained across the globe. Even so, delegating tasks to foreign third parties also carries a suite of new risks that businessesRead MoreCorporate Offshore Outsourcing And Its Relevance For Workers Rights1684 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper explores the issue of corporate offshore outsourcing and its relevance to workers’ rights. First and foremost, it is necessary to define both corporate offshore outsourcing and workers’ rights in order to fully grasp the issues associated with corporate offshore outsourcing. Next, this analysis includes reasons for the emergence of this practice and the negative consequences of this practice on both workers in the United States and abroad. The current issues with this practice are exemplifiedRead More An Ethical and Global Analysis of Software Offshore Outsourcing2791 Words   |  12 PagesAn Ethical and Global Analysis of Software Offshore Outsourcing Introduction Before acquiring its current negative connotation, outsourcing referred to the practice of turning over parts of a business to a company that specialized in that activity. For instance, Cisco Systems, Brocade Communications, and other leading original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) outsource their manufacturing to Solectron Corporation, where I was a summer intern. 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Social Role of Women in Society Free Essays

Introduction The social role which I feel that I occupy and that I am going to focus on in this essay is the one of a women in this society. I believe I have been socialized into this role for numerous reasons. Throughout this paper I will explain how I think I have been socialized into this role. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Role of Women in Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Social Roles; There are a variety of social roles in our society. They have been established since the early years. It is the people within our society that establish and portray these roles in their everyday life. â€Å"Social roles are the part people play as members of a social group. With each social role you adopt, your behaviour changes to fit the expectations both you and others have of that role. † (McLeod, S. A. (2008). Social Roles. Retrieved from: [Accessed 21/10/2012] http://www. simplypsychology. org/social-roles. html I believe social roles are in place so that we as people know our place in society and with our roles in society come many opportunities but also many rules and regulations. Whereas, other species on our land seem to be set in their ways and abide by them no matter what. If they dot the consequences are usually very extreme. As a woman I feel like I have been socialised into this tradition role for numerous reasons. To be honest I think my family and where I am from has had a major impact on how I have been drawn to this role. I am from a tradition country Irish family. There is my brother and I in my family. It really frustrates me in my life as there seems to be a different set of rules and obligations for my brother over me. Their seems to be so many societal expectations for women. As I have grown older things have become much clearer to me as why I have always been treated differently to my other sibling. When I was younger I thought maybe it was because of the four year age gap, but now I realise it is merely because I am a female and that is why some obligations are always ordered for me to do and not for my older sibling who is a male. â€Å"When we occupy a certain status in society, we have functions to serve† (Donohoe and Gaynor 1999) Social Roles as Constructed Not Natural I believe that my social role as a woman is socially created as it has been in place for many generations. Women since the early years have always been seen in a traditional way as been the house-wife and mother in the home. Even though I have just entered into my adult years I already feel the pressures of the role which is socially constructed for me. I am worried for myself that I will be discriminated in the workforce just because of my gender and also the fact that I am a young woman with the potential to have kids. â€Å"Even with the fact that women are now able to participate more in the public world and get paid employment, they still face inequality in the work place† (Gender Roles of the 21st Century. † 123HelpMe. com. 3 Oct 2012) This is a major concern of mine and it is not through my own fault that these restrictions may affect me; it is simply due to our society. I also think my role as a woman has been socially constructed as society wants us all to be in a set manner for order in our world and so a conflict does not occur. Socialization â€Å"Socialization refers to the way in which we absorb the rules of behaviour which are common in our society† (Abbott 1998:10) Soc ialization sets out how we should live in accord to our society and its expectations. (McDonald, Bernadette 2006) It is also the process of development of the human being in a social context. Human behaviour is learned primarily through the process of socialization which involves the transmission of culture by language and gesture and at the same time through the same interaction with others we learn about our ‘self’ and develop a sense of who we are and how to behave. Primary socialization; this happens in your childhood and is the ‘most intense period of cultural learning’ (Giddins 2001:26) this is the stage in our lives we begin to learn the basics such as acceptable behaviour and things like our native language. My primary agents of socialization were my parents and grandparents. Secondary socialization, this is the stage of socialization that occurs in the later stage of our lives when we are maturing in our lives. â€Å"At this stage children adapt to the wider world and learn to relate to a variety of people in a variety of different ways† (Bernadette McDonald, 2006. An Introduction to Sociology in Ireland, Dublin, Type IT) If we are part of a group we are influenced greatly by them such as; our family, peer group and the media. ‘Social interactions in these contexts help people learn the values, norms and beliefs which make up the patterns of their culture’ (Giddens 2001:28). I strongly think that I learned my social role as a woman in the secondary stage of socialisation. When I was playing hurling with the boys I was noticing that they treated me different just because I was a women, they would be afraid to tackle me even though I was just as tough as them. This was the first stage in my life where it really hit me that as I woman I was going to be treated much different in my society in comparison to my male counterparts. I have lived with my parents all of my life and they are very set in their ways. This has clearly impacted on me in my life also. It has made me see myself as different so other people, like I have a set of obligations as a women and if I do not perform them I seem to fail in my role as a women. According to Macionis and Plummer (2002) â€Å" The family also confers on children on a social position, that is, parents not only bring children into the physical world, they also pace them in society in terms of race, ethnicity, religion and class† From this I think what they are trying to say is that as your parents are responsible for giving you life you must abide by the values that they entrust onto you. Also another main element that I think was an agent to my socialization of a woman was my peer group and school. I went to an all girl’s school and we had a set way of doing stuff in school and also the fact my whole peer group was girls it took me awhile to get used to been able to deal with having men within my peer group. I believe people in mixed schools have a much better chance in life as they are more aware of how to deal with the mixture of genders. I believe that society is so strong that my role as a woman will never be abolished and we will always have set obligations in our life compared to our male counterparts. Constraining or Creative? There are many viewpoints in sociology in how we interpret social roles. Some people interpret roles and are very dominant in enforcing them and on the other hand others are more relaxed about enforcing society’s roles. On some occasions I challenge the social role I obtain, I try to change the way people view me through the actions I carry out. I sometimes try to be tough to others to show that I am not the typical women and that I go by my own rules. But then sometimes I end up giving up as after all usually if anyone tries to challenge society they usually fail and as a person I am not too fond of failing. I thought I could exercise the agency in my social role but it is not as easy I thought. Society is very tough but I hope through the power of knowledge as I grow older and further my studies I will be more confident to challenge society’s values and the agencies theories that are upheld. Conclusion On a whole there are so many reasons why I think I was socialized into my role as a woman in the society. My family and peer group had a great effect on me in my life values and the set of obligation that apply to me just as I am a woman. In the primary stage of my life I was brought into a traditional family which enforced the strong old values of how women were to work in the house. Then as I matured and grew older in my secondary stage of developed I began to be unhappy with my role as I seen how different my brother was treated. I started to challenge my role a lot but got greatly dishearted as the values and set forces in societies are almost irreversible and also when you go against the values of society you usually as the old proverb goes you get burned badly. Through the study of sociology it is making me believe in myself so much more and as I deepen my studies in it I feel it is giving me more self belief and confidence to stand up and argue against the role I was socialized into as a woman. Bibliography and Referencing Page McLeod, S. A. (2008). Social Roles. Retrieved from: [Accessed 21/10/2012] http://www. simplypsychology. org/social-roles. html Donohoe and Gaynor 1999 Gender Roles of the 21st Century. † 123HelpMe. com. 23 Oct 2012 Abbott 1998:10 Bernadette McDonald, 2006. An Introduction to Sociology in Ireland, Dublin, Type IT Macionis and Plummer 2002 How to cite Social Role of Women in Society, Essay examples

To Kill a Mocking Bird Maturity free essay sample

She follows her 10 year old brother Jem almost everywhere he goes and does as he does, but as the book goes on she begins to mature and fade as her brother’s shadow. In the Novel to Kill a Mockingbird, scout matures in many ways based on moments that have affected her. For Example, the racism and prejudice people in Maycomb County. Racism was a severe problem during the Great Depression. One moment that tied in with racism is Scout witnessing the trial between Tom Robinson and Mayella Ewell. Mayella claims that Tom Robinson, a poor black man raped her when she asked him to come help her with work. Of course, having a jury full of Caucasian’s they began siding with Mayella. Even after Mayella gets proved lying by Atticus when she states that Tom put both hands on her when he can only use one because of an incident in his past, she still wins the case. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mocking Bird Maturity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It just shows that the whole trial was racist, prejudice, and that Mayella only won because they believe white women wouldn’t lie and a black man would. Not only does Scout mature from this case but she gets to see the true world and how in reality the African Americas got treated worse and unfairly. Not only does Scout witness the jury being very racist but she witnesses the whole town being racist too. For example, Scout witness’s Atticus being called a â€Å"nigger –lover† by her cousin. This was Scouts first time encountering someone with such a racist-prejudice attitude. This not only upsets Scout but infuriates her at the same time. Right away she begins to want to fight her cousin, and runs herself into one. Atticus, being used to the racism of the town sits Scout down and has a talk with her about the town being prejudice, and not to let people’s opinions bother her. Not only is this scouts first encountering with someone being racist but it’s her first taste of reality. Having this happen to Scout was a wakeup call and allowed her to realize what the real world is like, and that people are very judgmental. It also taught her that she can’t let what people think of her or her family bother her, because everybody will judge because everyone has different opinions and ways. Another moment that affects Scout is when Atticus shoots the rapid dog. Scout gets angry from people in her town judging but little does she pay attention that she is judging her own father. Scout begins to believe that her father does nothing, and she begins to lose her pride in him. Little does Scout know her father is actually a great marksman and he isn’t the man she thinks he is. This is an important time because it affects Scout in many ways. Scout begins to realize that her father isn’t the boring man she thought she he was, and that she judged him. She realizes that she un-willingly judged her father and that she shouldn’t assume things until she really knows the truth, because judging her father makes her just as low as the people in her town who judge the African American’s. One last moment that truly affects Scout the most is the incident with Boo Radley. She begins to hear rumors about Boo Radley at a young age when she was 6. She hears that Boo Radley has yellow teeth, has long nasty hair, smells, and is basically a freak. Scout judges Boo Radley without even seeing him before based on what she heard. When Jem and Scout are walking home one night after a school function, they are attacked by Bob Ewell. In the process of being attacked Boo Radley shows up and saves the children and brings Jem home as Scout follows behind. Not only does this show that Boo Radley isn’t the monster from they’re childhood but he is a good guy who is just trying to help the children. Boo Radley doesn’t want anyone to find out he saved the kids, he wants to lay low and not have everyone find out. After all scouts have learned she tries to think in the mind of Boo and she realizes why he doesn’t want everyone finding out. Scout realizes not to judge a man until you have walked in their shoes and that is a very valuable lesson she learns in the process of growing up. In the novel To Kill A Mocking Bird one of the main characters Jean Louise Finch also known as â€Å"Scout† learns many valuable lessons that help her mature in the 3 year time frame of this book. From age 6 to 9 she learns many things that will stay with her for her whole life and make her the mature child she has become. She gets to see how the world is and that not everybody is nice. She realizes that not everyone is going to be nice and nonjudgmental; she sees that there are very judgmental people in our world. Scout gets the full affect and learns the true definition of â€Å"prejudice† and â€Å"Racism â€Å"and what they really mean. She gets to see how cruel and judgmental people can be but she manages to take in everything, mature and learn from it.